C) deceive participants about the true purpose of an experiment. The American psychologist Abraham Maslow, considered one of the leading architects of humanistic psychology, proposed a hierarchy of needs or drives in order of decreasing priority or potency but increasing sophistication: physiological needs, safety, belongingness and love, esteem, and self-actualization. D) skewed. B) consider whether it is distorted by a few extreme cases. Natural, opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called (2002). A) low; low ), The adapted mind, New York: Oxford University Press, page 19136. A) experimentation. Today the term is used to identify any type of short-lived increase in productivity based on attention to human needs. When stating that we "know" something, out level of accuracy is usually wrong, not accepting a "fact" as true without challenging it; seeing if "facts" can withstand attempts to disprove them, refers to seeking the truth rather than trying to be right; a scientist needs to be able to accept being wrong, just watching (and taking notes), and not trying to change anything. Some religious traditions incorporate elements of humanism as part of their belief systems. Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. A) ACh. a. Psychoanalytic school b. Behaviorism school c. Humanistic school Which school of thought did you like the most and why? Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of peoples potential for healthy growth by viewing growth and development from the individuals point of view. Psychological Influences (homesick, fear of failure, stress, things you learn, challenging classes, anticipation, expectations) Humanistic psychology is a perspective that emphasizes looking at the whole individual and stresses concepts such as free will, self-efficacy, and self-actualization. Did cognitive psychology precede behaviorism? At some point the message related to basketball was switched to the right ear, and the non-relevant information to the left ear. C) cerebellum. D) far outweighed by gender similarities. B) cerebellum. Auditory information is sent to the temporal lobe. Humanistic tend to disagree with behaviorist as far as . Psychology Quiz 1 1. Rollo May (1909 1994) brought European existential psychotherapy and phenomenology into the field by acknowledging human choice and the tragic aspects of human existence, and Fritz Perls developed gestalt therapy in his workshops and training programs at the Esalan Institute and elsewhere. Humanistic psychology was developed in the late 1950s. D) unprovable assumption about the unobservable processes that underlie psychological functioning. A) the EEG. George Elton Mayo (1945) described the Hawthorne Effect in terms of a positive emotional effect due to the perception of a sympathetic or interested observer. A) natural selection and genetic predispositions. B) hippocampus. 1.2 The Evolution of Psychology: History, Approaches, and Questions, 2.4 Humanist, Cognitive, and Evolutionary Psychology, 3.1 Psychologists Use the Scientific Method to Guide Their Research, 3.2 Psychologists Use Descriptive, Correlational, and Experimental Research Designs to Understand Behaviour, 3.3 You Can Be an Informed Consumer of Psychological Research, 4.1 The Neuron Is the Building Block of the Nervous System, 4.2 Our Brains Control Our Thoughts, Feelings, and Behaviour, 4.3 Psychologists Study the Brain Using Many Different Methods, 4.4 Putting It All Together: The Nervous System and the Endocrine System, 5.1 We Experience Our World through Sensation, 5.5 Accuracy and Inaccuracy in Perception, 6.1 Sleeping and Dreaming Revitalize Us for Action, 6.2 Altering Consciousness with Psychoactive Drugs, 7.2 Infancy and Childhood: Exploring and Learning, 7.3 Adolescence: Developing Independence and Identity, 7.4 Early and Middle Adulthood: Building Effective Lives, 7.5 Late Adulthood: Aging, Retiring, and Bereavement, 8.1 Learning by Association: Classical Conditioning, 8.2 Changing Behaviour through Reinforcement and Punishment: Operant Conditioning, 8.4 Using the Principles of Learning to Understand Everyday Behaviour, 9.2 How We Remember: Cues to Improving Memory, 9.3 Accuracy and Inaccuracy in Memory and Cognition, 10.2 The Social, Cultural, and Political Aspects of Intelligence, 10.3 Communicating with Others: The Development and Use of Language, 11.3 Positive Emotions: The Power of Happiness, 11.4 Two Fundamental Human Motivations: Eating and Mating, 12.1 Personality and Behaviour: Approaches and Measurement, 12.3 Is Personality More Nature or More Nurture? Which area of psychology might be best suited to investigate the following research question: what happens in our brain when we forget details about stressful life events and how does this process affect behavior? The pain of heroin withdrawal may be attributable to the fact that C) amygdala. Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's. (Quiz) potential for healthy growth: 2: 1198959184: Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of: (Quiz) behavior and mental processes: 3: 1198959185 This investigation involves the use of If Dr. Rogers wishes to conduct an experiment on the effects of stimulating the reward centers of a rat's brain, he should insert an electrode into the A) dependent variable. Your ability to experience the physical pleasure of a hot shower is most likely to be disrupted by damage to your Become a Study.com member to unlock this answer! A) ACh antagonist. Participants who were wearing earphones were told that they would be hearing separate messages in each ear and that they were expected to attend only to information related to basketball. Esteem needs: Self-esteem, confidence, chievement, respect of others, respect by others. The personmust have confidence in his or herability to complete the task at hand (Figure 2.16). C) can bias their observations and interpretations. Why the government needs statistics on health, 1.2 Mention THREE benefits of being able to effectively communicate with your teachers (3), State four ways in which a strong career portfolio could help women become employed in careers that are traditionally male dominated, briefly explain 5solution to the problems of modern scienc e and technology . Does humanistic-existential therapy view the therapist as a teacher? o Experiments, Edward Titchener: Used data from Introspection, reporting on sensations and other elements of experience All rights reserved. full potential. Which of Psychological Review. Humanistic psychology focuses on each individual's potential and stresses the importance of growth and self-actualization. Likewise, we have known since Freuds time that insight, if it is accepted and assimilated by the client, is therapeutic. What is the humanistic approach in psychology? D) differences; differences, In a psychological experiment, the experimental factor that is manipulated by the investigator is called the ________ variable. b.throat. Regularly sell for $2.29. Her lack of pain is probably the result of the release of The occipital lobe deals with visual information A) depolarized, with mostly negatively charged ions outside and positively charged ions inside. In fact, a Psy.D. C) MRI. C) naturalistic observations. C) mean B) intuition. A) The experimenter exerts the greatest influence on participants' behavior. D) amygdala. The professors prediction regarding employment success is an example of: (Quiz), The biggest danger of relying on case study evidence is: (Quiz), May be unrepresentative of what is generally true, Which research method would be appropriate for investigating the relationship between the religious beliefs of americans and their attitude toward abortion: (Quiz), To assess reactions to a proposed tuition, Ariana sent a questionnaire to every 15th person in the registrars alphabetical listings of all currently enrolled students. The humanistic approach or the phenomenological approach gives importance to the subjective experiences of an individual. Are clinical psychologists trained in psychoanalysis? He tells her that it is too costly, and the chemicals are not that dangerous. A) naturalistic observation C) hypothalamus. The main premise of evolutionary psychology is that while today the human mind is shaped by the modern social world, it is adapted to the natural environment in which it evolved. Safety needs: Security of body, of employment, of resources, of morality, of the family, of health, of property. D) behavioral. C) triggers release of ACh. The axons of certain neurons are covered by a layer of fatty tissue that helps speed neural transmission. D) thalamus. C) in a fashion that ensures that the independent variable will have a strong effect on the dependent variable. A) ACh agonists. D) maladaptive and adaptive behaviors. This school of psychology gives people more credit for controlling and determining their state of mental health. B) critical thinking. C) raises; lowers It was also in 1961 that theAmerican Association for Humanistic Psychologywas formed and by 1971, humanistic psychologybecomean APA division. Can you see applications for the principles of evolutionary psychology in the workplace or community (e.g.,certain psychological qualities will ensure that you perform more effectively in a job interview)? The fundamental belief of humanistic psychology is that people are innately good and that mental and social problems result from deviations from this natural tendency. Most likely, the damage occurred to the C) a scatterplot. In the early 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology renewed interest in the scientific study of A. mental processes. Rather than concentrating on dysfunction, humanistic psychology strives to help people fulfill their potential and maximize their well-being. D) sensory neurons. A) predict human behavior in a variety of situations. the "sensory switchboard" or "router": All sensory messages, except smell, are routed through the thalamus on the way to the cortex. People tend to suppress their beliefs, values, or opinions because they are not supported, not socially acceptable, or negatively judged. The human brain may, at times, simultaneously receive inputs in the form of auditory, visual, olfactory, taste, and tactile information. Thus, Abraham Maslow established the need for a "third force" in psychology. Most contents and processes of the brain are unconscious; and most mental problems that seem easy to solve are actually extremely difficult problems that are solved unconsciously by complicated neural mechanisms. American Psychologist, 1, 415-422. A) 16 D) sensory and motor neurons. Omissions? The movement grew in opposition to the two mainstream 20th-century trends in psychology, behaviourism and psychoanalysis. -Works with the amygdala to form emotionally charged memories, -Regulates body temperature and ensures adequate food and water intake (homeostasis), and is involved in sex drive 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. C) brainstem. New York: Pocket Books (Simon and Schuster). *AP and Advanced Placement Program are registered trademarks of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse this web site. A) mean A) cerebellum. D) hypothalamus. A) feelings are influenced by blood chemistry. D) MRI. Harlowstheory (1950) was based on studies of primate behaviour when solving puzzles. B) an empirical approach. B) away from; away from The reticular formation is located in the D) replication. Are psychoanalytic and person-centered therapy alike? Dan Pink (2010) provides ample evidence to support the notion that a traditional carrot-and-stick approach can result in: The term Hawthorne Effect was coined in 1950 by Henry A. Landsberger when analyzing earlier experiments from 1924 to 1932 at the Hawthorne Works (a Western Electric factory outside Chicago). C) experimentation. A) raises; raises Abraham Maslows view of human needs was more complex than Rogerss. B) hippocampus. Damage to his frontal lobes hurt his ability to inhibit emotions and impulses. What is selective attention in cognitive psychology? B) simply reflections of biological differences between the sexes. A lopsided distribution of scores in which the mean is much larger than both the mode and median is said to be What model do you believe the current educational system follows? D) operational definitions. It takes into consideration a person's full potential for healthy growth and well-being, instead of focusing on dysfunction. Another major criticism is that observations are unverifiable; there is no accurate way to measure or quantify these qualities. B) dendrites. An experiment was designed to study the potential impact of alcohol consumption on emotional stability. C) naturalistic observations. Tomal, (Eds. Yes. Instead of viewing religion as a delusion and a crutch, as did Freud, they might identify the mechanisms through which a spiritual practice like meditation enhances mental and physical health. D) MRI. B) observation. C) personality psychologists Flow is a state of optimal performance that can be entered when a personis wholeheartedly performing a task or activity for intrinsic purposes. C) exaggerate their ability to have foreseen an outcome. A) brainstem. B) unconscious drives. potential for healthy growth. What do psychodynamic and humanistic therapies have in common? A) triggers release of dopamine. People are continually looking for new ways to grow, to become better, to learn new things, and to experience psychological growth and self-actualization. B) hippocampus of a dog. D) nature versus nurture. B) perceive order in completely random events. The various modes of being-in-the-world were described by Swiss psychiatrist and early leader of existential psychology Ludwig Binswanger. C) develop general principles that help explain behavior. B) -0.99 It seeks to develop and understand ways of expanding the emotional connection between individuals and the natural world, thereby assisting individuals with developing sustainable lifestyles and remedying alienation from nature. The part of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing is called the takes a much shorter time than emotion focused coping. D) the placebo effect. C) unconscious thought processes. An example of a counterculture is the hippie movement of the 1960s. Social problems of an industrial civilization. D) toward; toward. C) correlational research B) False, Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a neural impulse? Flow is a state of optimal performance. D) curiosity, skepticism, and humility. Ervin's conclusion best illustrates the danger of What does humanistic psychology focus on? C) control B) a lesion. While behaviorism sees human beings as the manifestation of an easily trained and determined set of behaviors, humanistic psychology aims to look at the individual as a whole. D) lowers; raises. Hefound that when presented with a puzzle, monkeys seemed to enjoy solving the puzzles without the presence or expectation of rewards. This term is not about the longevity of people but rather how the body functions, In general terms, reciprocity is the process of exchanging things with others with the objective of gaining mutual benefit. As a result, humanistic psychology has many branches and extensions, as outlined in Table 2.2. What did psychology focus on before behaviorism was applied? C) naturalistic observation. Diminished intrinsic motivation (the third drive), Intense and focused concentration on the present moment, Sense of personal control or agency over the situation or activity, Distortion of temporal experience (i.e., a personssubjective experience of time beingaltered), Experience of the activity beingintrinsically rewarding (also referred to as an. C) morphene antagonists. D) hypothalamus. Humanist thinkers felt that both psychoanalysis and behaviorism were too pessimistic, either focusing on the most tragic of emotions or failing to take into account the role of personal choice. B) genetic predispositions. D) disrupt a neuron's all-or-none firing pattern. To identify which specific brain areas are most active during a particular mental task, researchers would be most likely to make use of a(n) Paton's Psychology Southeastern University. as the manner goes of studying observable behavior and Humanistic A) critical thinking. Rather than looking to religious traditions, humanism focuses on helping people live well, achieve personal growth, and make the world a better place. (1967). How do humanistic psychologists assess a person's sense of self? Professor Ober is most clearly engaged in Whereas other approaches take an objective view of people in essence asking, What is this person like? 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. While behaviourism and cognitive schools of psychological thought may not agree theoretically, they have complemented each other in practical therapeutic applications, such as in cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) that has demonstrable utility in treating certain pathologies, such as simple phobias, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and addiction.