reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria pdf

Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. This feature of federalism is widely believed to be a veritable framework for even and need-sensitive development. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. The regional government had power over matters that are listed under the residual list. Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. PDF Federalism and Democracy: Beyond the U.S. Model - UNPA PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and State Reorganization and Restructuring It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria - Legit.ng examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. The fact that these nations chose to adopt a federal system does not prove anything; it does, however, suggest that federalism may help these countries manage the problems that come with ethnic . /Subtype /Image Put differently, revenue sharing has become a recurrent crisis factor in Nigeria. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. With the total area of 923,768 km, Nigeria can not justifiably be administered by a lone leviathan from the top. It forays into the inherent issues underlying the Biafran movement and the ways in which those issues, as well as Biafran agitation, are inimical to Nigeria's development. Federalism in Nigeria : The past , Current Peril and Future Hopes The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. This paper exploits the growth benefits that ICT sector has provided and its impact on the Nigerian economy. It means that the sovereign unit (Centre) and local units . (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. Pls visit us again dear reader. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. Federalism was basically introduced to bring about peace and unity in the different regions of the country. /Type /Page Samuel is bent on changing the legal profession by building Web and Mobile Apps that will make legal research a lot easier. First, how to properly place peoples, better still - indigenes and ethnic groupings, in their relevant socio-economic categories; that is, in line with the oil windfalls. It is our pleasure. /BitsPerComponent 8 and Democracy in Nigeria, ISSUES IN NIGERIAN FISCAL FEDERALISM; THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PRINCIPLE OF DERIVATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL. The construct of federalism, which originates with the concept of intergovernmental relations, dates back to the Greek civilization. Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization 2013 PP.100-107, This paper explores the issue of unification federalism in Nigeria, which has been an obstacle to peace, development and threats to security .The findings from an extensive reading of related materials suggest that, the root of contemporary political conflict and underdevelopment in Nigeria political landscape shows clearly in the area of imbalance political structures that were established before and after independence. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. /F6 21 0 R The intimidating size of Nigeria does not only earn her an international respect but also provides her with a buffer to attacks by rogue nations and disgruntled neighbours. Dear Chidera, federalism allows the creation of ethnic-based federating units (States). It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? Federalism: Federal Features in the Colonial State." A chronology of critical events in Nigeria's political development from the adoption of a federal system in 1954 to the present is provided in Table 1. Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management %PDF-1.5 Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. Thus, there is continuous agitation by many ethnic nationalities for a sovereign national conference in order to renegotiate the Nigeria federal deal to put Nigeria on the path of true federalism to guarantee her unity and co-existence. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.8, no.2, . 4 0 obj MCC Vol 2 No 1 Article 04.pdf, GJ #2018, 2, Globalization and Federation in Peril: Renewed Agitations for Statehood and the Future of Nigerian State, by A. M. Maigari and U. Dantani, GLOBALIZATION AND FEDERATION IN PERIL: RENEWED AGITATIONS FOR STATEHOOD AND THE FUTURE OF NIGERIAN STATE, RESTRUCTURING NIGERIA: BEYOND POLITICAL RHETORIC AND THE MORAL PANIC, PDF copy of Published paper on Agitation and restructuring.pdf, ESSAYS ON RIGHT TO SELF DETERMINATION AS A PEREMPTORY NORM AND THE LIMITATION IN EXERCISING THAT RIGHT.pdf, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Legal Aid Journal of Legal Issues Vol. The second theory focuses on the existence of external military or diplomatic threat for the origin of federalism. /Filter /FlateDecode There may be no point, of course, boring ones moment with such lengthy activity of working out their conceptual nuances. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. is one of the devices built into the federal constitution of Nigeria as a means of achieving unity in diversity. FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. Fiscal federalism, sub-national revolts and internal colonialism in Nigeria If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government. Payment Details. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 8 August. In the words of Richards, regionalism was introduced to strengthen unity in diversity. As a Nigerian, it is important to understand some basic things about the system of governance in Nigeria and why it is so. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. /Length 14727 Section 10 of the constitution rule outs the adoption of any religion as a state religion either. Olawale Olaopa, Ibikunle Ogundari, Mike Awoleye and Willie Siyanbola, Nigeria Quasi Federalism: An Obstacle To Peace And Development In Nigeria, FEDERAL BALANCING IN NIGERIA: A PARADIGM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEMOCRACY, DECENTRALIZING PUBLIC SECTOR COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND THE CONTRADICTIONS OF FEDERAL PRACTICE IN NIGERIA, The National Assembly, Constitution Amendment and Civil Society Expectations, True Federalism in Nigeria: A Political Discourse, Re-regionalization and Fiscal Federalism: The Panacea for Accelerated National Development in Nigeria, REPORT OF NIGERIA'S 2014 NATIONAL DIALOGUE, Politics, Power. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. The current problems facing the Nigeria government and the Biafra separatist agitators originate in the causes and the effects of the Nigerian Civil war (06 July 1967-15 January 1970). So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Also see: Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, reasons for federal system of government in nigeria. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and Challenges of Implementing Federal Character Wheare who contends that it is a system where powers are shared between central and regional governments so that each is in a sphere cordinate and independent. Multi-Ethnicity Nigeria is a country with a lot of ethnic groups. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. On the contrary it has also been suggested that is created more diversity and conflict for the nation to grapple with. You are welcome dear reader. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Federalism is a method of segregating powers so that the central and local governments are each within a domain, harmonizing and autonomous. Problems of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism /Filter /DCTDecode Further Philosophical Issues 4.1 Sovereignty or federalism 4.2 Issues of Constitutional and Institutional Design 4.3 Sources of Stability 4.4 Division of Power 4.5 Distributive Justice ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . Required fields are marked *. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. In a unitary constitution which opposes federal principles, everything belongs to the central government; the federating unit does not exist, let alone agitating for resource control. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. By and large, it is the nature of the relationship of the federal and state governments that determines whether a state is federal or unitary. Are there certain inherent and primordial grievances and preferences? For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. 3. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Federalism is a system of government where there are a decentralization power and autonomy of governance to the regional or federated states that share sovereignty with the Federal Government. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. Thus, federalism is mostly considered a tangible element for coexistence, but much more, I think, as political syrup, for adumbrating potent dislocations inherent in, and symptomatic of pluralist societies. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. This type of government is also known as a "federation" or a "federal state" in common parlance (eg., United States of America). five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard, when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. Changes in Branch Office Registration Requirements It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. History of federal system of government in nigeria. Abstract One of the arguments for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the desire for economic and political viability and development in a nation of uneven distribution of human and. Geographical nearness of the component states to each other and the state network of roads and transportation. we are proud to nigeria our inherited country,god bless nigeria. by the federal or any state government. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. >> The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Therefore, the adoption of a federal political framework in Nigeria was a necessity as the system was the only viable option for a multi-ethnic country like Nigeria. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. Prior to independence, it is believed that the British adopted federalism because it favored their interest. 1 Issue 2, BETWEEN THE PRISMS OF NECESSITY AND LEGALITY - THE IPOB PROSCRIPTION IN CONTESTATION_pp.43-57, RE-THINKING BIAFRA IDEOLOGY OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN NIGERIA, A (UN)JUST AND (UN)HOLY WAR? This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . "There are reasons why some nation-states opt for federalism. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. Parliamentary and Unitary system of government were in operation in Nigeria between 1914 and 1946. 2. Power Sharing Formula Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. /Resources << Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? Your email address will not be published. Download Defensive Federalism [PDF] Format for Free - Clemson Parade In the case of Nigeria - how the oil money will be (in)judiciously dealt with. PDF Nigerian Federalism: Issues, Challenges and Prospects In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. READ ALSO: Reasons for political apathy in Nigeria, Get the hottest stories from the largest news site in Nigeria. In 1954, the Nigerian founding fathers opted for a federal system of government despite its inherent challenges in a pluralistic society. - Cooperative or "marble-cake" federalism is de ned as a exible relationship between the national and state government in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. Best information base for latest information both national and international. Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. . Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br Federalism in Nigeria - Wikipedia It concluded that the interplay of these variables leads to the degeneration of the national question and. Moreover, It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Adobe d C However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. SjHw`d"*z;3N&W3k]:}N\t+5 (Nw3hW"T"aDV$V e. 7 Cooperative federalism was dominant from the 1930s through the 1970s. Why indirect rule succeeded in Northern Nigeria, SEE REASONS HERE. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. It also decided that the Public . Military administration does not apply the principle of federation. This book was released on 2022-09-16 with total page 197 pages. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Northern Cameroons should remain with Northern Nigeria but Southern Cameroon should be granted autonomy with a legislature of its own. CLICK HERE To Pay With Debit Card ($15) GHANA - Make Payment of 80 GHS to MTN MoMo, 0553978005, Douglas Osabutey. This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. . % Federalism has been present in Nigeria since the former British colony was reorganized into a federation of three regions in 1946. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. Economic factors in adoption of federalism in Nigeria are not unconnected with the issues of resource control, wealth generation and redistribution, and income distribution. Promoters of the idea were of the view that the 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions Revenue Allocation and Economic Development in Nigeria: An Empirical Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. PDF The 2015 General Elections: Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Federalism also in this manner, preserves cultures of the minorities from being drowned in the ocean of the cultures of the majorities. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. Federalism is a type of government in which the sovereign authority of political power is usually divided between two units. Over the years, it is quite obvious that Nigeria is one of the few countries that adopted federal system of Government in Africa, a system that envisages autonomy for every sect of its authorities (federal, state and local government respectively). There was just the Northern Protectorate and the Southern Protectorate. The constitution emphasized areas of authority between the central government and the regions. PDF The Efficacy of Federalism in a Multi-Ethnic State: The Nigerian - CORE Federalism was favoured among other systems of government in a bid to averting both fancied and real fear of domination among the minorities.