Legal. Greek prefixes are used to name compounds based on the elemental subscript, which specifies the number of atoms present in the compound. To add the "-ide" ending, just drop the 1 or 2 syllables ("-ine" in this case), and add "-ide" instead. Prefixes are not used in naming ionic compounds, but are used in naming binary molecular compounds.
PDF Rules for naming compounds 2010 - Creighton University suffix -ide. In naming ionic compounds, we always name the _____ first. Prefixes are only used for covalent compounds formed from non-metal elements. For example,magnesium chloride contains one magnesium and two chlorine atoms thus, its formula is MgCl. Ions combine in only one ratio, so prefixes are not needed. The name of a monatomic anion consists of the stem of the element name, the suffix -ide, and then the word ion. Why are Greek prefixes not used in naming ionic compounds? Ionic compounds have the simplest naming convention: nothing gets a prefix. To signify the number of each element contained in the compound, molecular compounds are named using a systematic approach of prefixes.
How are prefixes used to name compounds? - Quora When naming a binary molecular compound, the subscript for each element determines what prefix should be used. This occurs because if the atoms formed an ionic bond, then it would have already become a compound, thus not needing to gain or loose any electrons. The cation takes exactly the same name as its element. Question: Using a maximum of ten sentences, respond to one of the two prompts. Carbon monoxide is one of the few compounds that uses this prefix. 7 Do you use Greek prefixes when naming a compound? The same issue arises for other ions with more than one possible charge. Covalent compounds are named with number prefixes to identify the number of atoms in the molecule. Chlorine becomes chloride. When naming ionic compounds, why do we not use prefixes (mono-di-, tri-, etc.) 10. Polyatomic anions have negative charges while polyatomic cations have positive charges. Ionic compounds consist of cations (positive ions) and anions (negative ions). FROM THE STUDY SET Chapter 3 View this set 2.
Why are Greek prefixes used in the names of covalent compounds? To correctly specify how many oxygen atoms are in the ion, prefixes and suffixes are again used. How to Name Ionic Compounds. A molecular compound consists of molecules whose formula represent the actual number of atoms bonded together in that molecule. The prefix per - (as in hyper-) is used to indicate the very highest oxidation state. One example is the ammonium sulfate compound in Figure \(\PageIndex{6}\). Name the non-metal furthest to the left on the periodic table by its elemental name. , What errors can you come across when reading a thermometer, How many Hydrogen atoms in the formula 4H3O2. 2 2 Shubham Choudhary 5.7: Naming Ionic Compounds is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. The metal cation is named first, followed by the nonmetal anion as illustrated in Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) for the compound BaCl2.
Note: when the addition of the Greek prefix places two vowels adjacent to one another, the "a" (or the "o") at the end of the Greek prefix is usually dropped; e.g., "nonaoxide" would be written as "nonoxide", and "monooxide" would be written as . https://www.thoughtco.com/ionic-compound-nomenclature-608607 (accessed March 5, 2023). Example: Cu3P is copper phosphide or copper(I) phosphide. Yes, the name for water using the rules for chemical nomenclature is dihydrogen monoxide. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. 1.30 grams of H are reacted with an excess of N to produce 4.21 grams of NH3- %PDF-1.3 Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "How to Name Ionic Compounds." Traditional naming Simple ionic compounds. Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "How to Name Ionic Compounds." Naming ionic compounds. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. The entire field of organic chemistry is devoted to studying the way carbon bonds. 9th. Oxide always has a 2 charge, so with three oxide ions, we have a total negative charge of 6. Prefixes are not used to indicate the number of atoms when writing the chemical formula. Chloride always has a 1 charge, so with two chloride ions, we have a total negative charge of 2. Map: Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity (Kotz et al. The first compound is composed of copper 1+ ions bonded to choride 1 . Common Acid and Anion Names Name metals that can have different oxidation states using roman numerals to indicate positive charge. 8 When do you use prefixes to name an element? Do NOT use prefixes to indicate how many of each element is present; this information is implied in the name of the compound. The name of the compound is simply the name of the positive element followed by the name of the negative element adding the -ide suffix: MgF 2 (Magnesium Fluoride), AlCl 3 (Aluminum Chloride), or Al 2 O 3 (Aluminum Oxide) Notice that in ionic nomenclature you do not use the Greek prefixes to indicate the number of atoms in the molecule. You add prefixes ONLY to covalent. Choose the correct answer: According to naming rules, the types of compound that use prefixes in their names are A) ionic compounds. However, it is virtually never called that. Thus, Na+ is the sodium ion, Al3+ is the aluminum ion, Ca2+ is the calcium ion, and so forth. Molecular compounds do not have such constraints and therefore must use prefixes to denote the number of atoms present. In the first compound, the iron ion has a 2+ charge because there are two Cl ions in the formula (1 charge on each chloride ion).
4 Steps to Naming Compounds in Chemistry Nomenclature - Medium PDF CHEMICAL NAMES & FORMULAS - Weebly A lot of energy is needed to. Cl is chlorine. Which element comes first in a covalent compound? You will also learn the basics of these chemistry prefixes and how they are applicable in the real world today! Although HF can be named hydrogen fluoride, it is given a different name for emphasis that it is an acid. The following are the Greek prefixes used for naming binary molecular compounds. $%t_Um4hET2q4^
_1!C_ We use common names rather than systematic names for some simple covalent compounds. An ionic compound is named by its cation followed by its anion.
Polyatomic ions & Common polyatomic ions (article) | Khan Academy The metal is changed to end in ous or ic. Just like the other nomenclature rules, the ion of the transition metal that has the lower charge has the Latin name ending with -ous and the one with the the higher charge has a Latin name ending with -ic. There are two rules that must be followed through: The cation (metal) is always named first with its name unchanged The anion (nonmetal) is written after the cation, modified to end in -ide Example 1 Na+ + Cl- = NaCl; Ca2+ + 2Br- = CaBr2 Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride; Calcium + Bromine = Calcium Bromide The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. To name them, follow these quick, simple rules: 1. The prefix poly- means many, so a polyatomic ion is an ion that contains more than one atom. When you have a polyatomic ion with one more oxygen than the -ate ion, then your acid will have the prefix per- and the suffix -ic. For example, the chlorate ion is ClO3. Polyatomic anions are more common than polyatomic cations as shown in the chart below. Now that we're familiar with polyatomic ions, let's learn how to name ionic compounds when given their chemical formulas by using the following steps: Step 1 Determine the "base name" of the ionic compound. ClO - Hypochlorite ClO 2- Chlorite ClO 3- Chlorate ClO 4- Perchlorate Naming Ionic Compounds Using-ous and -ic, Naming Ionic Compounds Using-ite and -ate, Naming Ionic Compounds Using hypo- and per-, Ionic Compounds Containing bi- and di- Hydrogen. The cation is the element name followed by a Roman numeral in parentheses if the element has multiple charges. For . The -ate ending indicates a high oxidation state.
Naming Compounds - General Chemistry - MiraCosta College Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. (2020, August 28). With a little bit of practice, naming compounds will become easier and easier! The NO 3- ion, for example, is the nitrate ion. Prefixes are used to denote the number of atoms. The hypo- and per- prefixes indicate less oxygen and more oxygen, respectively. 2. 6 When do you use prefixes for molecular compounds? Naming covalent molecular compounds: Left then right, use prefixes. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Common polyatomic ions. The name of the compound is aluminum phosphate.
Naming ionic compounds (practice) | Khan Academy The method for naming polyatomic ionic compounds is the same as for binary ionic compounds. Add the name of the non-metal with an -ide ending. c. Neither charge is an exact multiple of the other, so we have to go to the least common multiple of 6. These ions are named by adding the word hydrogen or dihydrogen in front of the name of the anion.
Why was the prefix 'bi' used in compounds, such as for bicarb of soda? Ammonium Permanganate; NH4MnO4 --> NH4+ + MnO4- --> Ammonium Permanganate, c. Cobalt (II) Thiosulfate; CoS2O3 --> Co + S2O32- --> Cobalt must have +2 charge to make a neutral compund --> Co2+ + S2O32- --> Cobalt(II) Thiosulfate. To distinguish the difference, Fe2+ would be named iron (II) and Fe3+ would be named iron (III). In this compound, the cation is based on nickel. Prefixes for Ionic Compounds Ionic compounds have the simplest naming convention: nothing gets a prefix. Ternary compounds are composed of three or more elements. The prefix mono- is not used for the first element. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. $Lv*bz2;Z5G f94^]l880>xW;mnX\V sd"lZ]>9xy. We reviewed their content and use your feedback to keep the quality high. Compounds that consist of a nonmetal bonded to a nonmetal are commonly known as Molecular Compounds, where the element with the positive oxidation state is written first. Remember that this rule only applies to the first element of the two. The Roman numeral denotes the charge and the oxidation state of the transition metal ion. The second system, called the common system, is not conventional but is still prevalent and used in the health sciences. The reactants contain a t 3 What are the rules for naming an ionic compound?
5.7: Naming Ionic Compounds - Chemistry LibreTexts According to the Wikipedia article IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry, he prefix bi- is a deprecated way of indicating the presence of a single hydrogen ion A very common example is the commonplace 'bicarb of soda', or sodium bicarbonate (or using its correct chemical name sodium hydrogen carbonate). Comment on the feasibility of a naming scheme where hydro is used when naming oxyacids and omitted when naming binary acids. Here are the principal naming conventions for ionic compounds, along with examples to show how they are used: A Roman numeral in parentheses, followed by the name of the element, is used for elements that can form more than one positive ion. What are the rules for naming an ionic compound? Image credit: Wikipedia Commons, public domain. When naming ionic compounds, list the cation first and the anion second. We encounter many ionic compounds every. Example: FeCl3 is ferric chloride or iron(III) chloride. Names and formulas of ionic compounds. Ionic compounds are named differently. Aluminum Trioxide, it is an ionic compound. Can prefixes be used for covalent compounds and ionic? Naming monatomic ions and ionic compounds.
Solved Using a maximum of ten sentences, respond to one of | Chegg.com Naming of Chemical Compounds: Overview, Rules - Embibe Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007, Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Recommendations 1990, Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications. This means that the one iron ion must have a 2+ charge. Lastly, you will be given different examples to practice with naming chem prefixes. What is the mass of 7.28 mol of copper (II) nitrate. To indicate different polyatomic ions made up of the same elements, the name of the ion is modified according to the example below: To combine the topic of acids and polyatomic ions, there is nomenclature of aqueous acids. For ionic, just add the Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. Most studied answer Answer: The charges on the ions dictate how many must be present to form a neutral unit. They have a giant lattice structure with strong ionic bonds. Prefixes can be shortened when the ending vowel of the prefix "conflicts" with a starting vowel in the compound. This system recognizes that many metals have two common cations. Polyatomic anions sometimes gain one or more H+ ions to form anions of a lower charge. to indicate the amount of each ion indie compound? How do you name alkenes using systematic names? when naming ionic compounds those are only used in naming covalent molecular compounds. sulfur and oxygen), name the lower one first. Positive and negative charges must balance. This system is used only for elements that form more than one common positive ion. The ammonium ion has a 1+ charge and the sulfide ion has a 2 charge. For example, we might think to call C2H6 dicarbon hexahydride, but in reality its called ethane. The transition metals may form more than one ion, thus it is needed to be specified which particular ion we are talking about. The Roman numeral naming convention has wider appeal because many ions have more than two valences. << /Length 4 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >>
3: pre/post questions Flashcards | Quizlet This is indicated by assigning a Roman numeral after the metal.
How to Name Binary Covalent Compounds - dummies When naming molecular compounds prefixes are used to dictate the number of a given element present in the compound. The number of atoms are written as subscripts to their chemical symbols. Some polyatomic anions contain oxygen.
Generally, there are two types of inorganic compounds that can be formed: ionic compounds and molecular compounds. Why are prefixes not used in naming ionic compounds? What was the percent yield for ammonia in this reactio Example: KNO2 is potassium nitrite, while KNO3 is potassium nitrate. compounds include prefixes that indicate the number of atoms in the penta- 10. deca- Rules for naming molecular compounds: Less-electronegative element is given first First element only gets a prefix if it has more than one Second element is named by combining Atom the smallest unit of a chemical element, made from protons, neutrons, and electrons, Prefixes the name that comes before the molecule, Compounds a chemical species composed of two or more elements, Periodic table a table of chemical elements that is arranged in order of atomic number, Oxidation State a number assigned to an element that represents the number of electrons lost or gained, Transition Metal elements from the d-block of the periodic table, which can have more than one configuration of valence electrons, Roman Numerals tells you the oxidation state of the transition metal ion, Element a substance that cannot be chemically broken down into simpler components.
Nomenclature is the process of naming chemical compounds with different names so that they can be easily identified as separate chemicals. a. Prefixes should not be used to indicate how many of each element is present; this information is implied in the compound's name. You add. Explanation: Greek prefixes are used for binary (two element) molecular compounds. A quick way to identify acids is to see if there is an H (denoting hydrogen) in front of the molecular formula of the compound. For example, in NaCl, Na is sodium and Cl is chlorine.
The number of atoms are written as subscripts to their chemical symbols. In this tutorial, you will be introduced to the different types of chemistry prefixes. For example, consider FeCl2 and FeCl3 . First, you need to determine what type of compound it is. When naming molecular compounds prefixes are used to dictate the number of a given element present in the compound. It is common in organic chemistry and with a few other molecular species, to name the compound using a prefix such as di, tri, tetra etc to indicate the positions of moieties in the molecule. For example- Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions Ionic compounds are formed when metals combine with polyatomic ions. This notation is usually seen with metals since they commonly display more than one oxidation state or valence. This occurs because the number of oxygen atoms are increasing from hypochlorite to perchlorate, yet the overall charge of the polyatomic ion is still -1. Do you use Greek prefixes when naming a compound? These compounds are neutral overall. Thus, as we have already seen, Cl is chlor- + -ide ion, or the chloride ion. to indicate the amount of each ion indie compound? molecule. Sometimes prefixes are shortened when the ending vowel . Do you use prefixes when naming covalent compounds? For example, one Na+ is paired with one Cl-; one Ca2+ is paired with two Br-. We do not call the Na+ ion the sodium(I) ion because (I) is unnecessary. Pui Yan Ho (UCD), Alex Moskaluk (UCD), Emily Nguyen (UCD). These prefixes can be used to name just about any compound. Community Q&A Search Add New Question Question What is the difference between ionic compounds and covalent compounds? These endings are added to the Latin name of the element (e.g., stannous/stannic for tin) to represent the ions with lesser or greater charge, respectively. Naming Bases Most strong bases contain hydroxide, a polyatomic ion. Naming ionic compound with polyvalent ion. 4. When naming a binary molecular compound, the subscript for each element determines what prefix should be used. Please note that ionic compounds (Type I & II binary compound names) never use prefixes to specify how many times an element is present. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser.
Using the names of the ions, this ionic compound is named calcium chloride. The ClO- ion, for example, is the hypochlorite ion. Do you use prefixes when naming covalent compounds? Enter a Melbet promo code and get a generous bonus, An Insight into Coupons and a Secret Bonus, Organic Hacks to Tweak Audio Recording for Videos Production, Bring Back Life to Your Graphic Images- Used Best Graphic Design Software, New Google Update and Future of Interstitial Ads. However, it is virtually never called that. However, this -ous/-ic system is inadequate in some cases, so the Roman numeral system is preferred. Chemical formula of a compound is used to identify a compound and distinguishes it from other compounds. When naming ionic compounds, why do we not use prefixes (mono-di-, tri-, etc.) Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\) is a synopsis of how to name simple ionic compounds. Some anions have multiple forms and are named accordingly with the use of roman numerals in parentheses. In the second compound, the iron ion has a 3+ charge, as indicated by the three Cl ions in the formula. Dont worry about those rules for now its just something to keep in the back of your mind! Chemical formula of a compound is used to identify a compound and distinguishes it from other compounds. A chemical formula is written from the chemical symbols of elements which constitute the compound. Using a maximum of ten sentences, respond to one of the two prompts.
3 Ways to Name Chemical Compounds - wikiHow The first step is to count the number of each element. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. See polyatomic ion for a list of possible ions. The following are the Greek prefixes used for naming binary molecular compounds.
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However, it is virtually never called that. Legal. B) ionic compounds involving transition metals. Ionic compounds When a metal element reacts with a non-metal element an ionic compound is formed. Prefixes are not used to indicate the number of atoms when writing the chemical formula.
Carbonyl Compounds - Reactants, Catalysts and Products 2.10: Naming Binary, Nonmetal Compounds is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by LibreTexts. Once you have determined each prefix, you need to add the ide suffix if the second name in the compound is an element (this is sometimes not the case for more complex molecules). Categorize each statement as a naming property for molecular compounds, ionic compounds, or polyatomic ions.-cations with a fixed or variable charge-greek prefix may be on first or second element-positively charged chemical names end in -onium -roman numerals used to denote charges-no charge indicated in the formula-suffixes usually end in -ite or -ate-no prefix on the first or second element . Note: Molecules that contain two atoms of the same element, such as oxygen gas, #"O"_2"#, are often given the prefix of di-. When naming binary ionic compounds, name the cation first (specifying the charge, if necessary), then the nonmetal anion (element stem + -ide). 1. mono- indicates one, di- indicates two, tri- is three, tetra- is four, penta- is five, and hexa- is six, hepta- is seven, octo- is eight, nona- is nine, and deca is ten. It is an ionic compound, therefore no prefixes { "5.01:_Sugar_and_Salt" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.
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https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FCourses%2FCollege_of_Marin%2FCHEM_114%253A_Introductory_Chemistry%2F05%253A_Molecules_and_Compounds%2F5.07%253A_Naming_Ionic_Compounds, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), Example \(\PageIndex{3}\): Naming Ionic Compounds, Example \(\PageIndex{5}\): Naming Ionic Compounds, Naming Binary Ionic Compounds with a Metal that Forms Only One Type of Cation, Naming Binary Ionic Compounds with a Metal That Forms More Than One Type of Cation, Naming Ionic Compounds with Polyatomic Ions, 1.4: The Scientific Method: How Chemists Think, Chapter 2: Measurement and Problem Solving, 2.2: Scientific Notation: Writing Large and Small Numbers, 2.3: Significant Figures: Writing Numbers to Reflect Precision, 2.6: Problem Solving and Unit Conversions, 2.7: Solving Multistep Conversion Problems, 2.10: Numerical Problem-Solving Strategies and the Solution Map, 2.E: Measurement and Problem Solving (Exercises), 3.3: Classifying Matter According to Its State: Solid, Liquid, and Gas, 3.4: Classifying Matter According to Its Composition, 3.5: Differences in Matter: Physical and Chemical Properties, 3.6: Changes in Matter: Physical and Chemical Changes, 3.7: Conservation of Mass: There is No New Matter, 3.9: Energy and Chemical and Physical Change, 3.10: Temperature: Random Motion of Molecules and Atoms, 3.12: Energy and Heat Capacity Calculations, 4.4: The Properties of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons, 4.5: Elements: Defined by Their Numbers of Protons, 4.6: Looking for Patterns: The Periodic Law and the Periodic Table, 4.8: Isotopes: When the Number of Neutrons Varies, 4.9: Atomic Mass: The Average Mass of an Elements Atoms, 5.2: Compounds Display Constant Composition, 5.3: Chemical Formulas: How to Represent Compounds, 5.4: A Molecular View of Elements and Compounds, 5.5: Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds, 5.11: Formula Mass: The Mass of a Molecule or Formula Unit, 6.5: Chemical Formulas as Conversion Factors, 6.6: Mass Percent Composition of Compounds, 6.7: Mass Percent Composition from a Chemical Formula, 6.8: Calculating Empirical Formulas for Compounds, 6.9: Calculating Molecular Formulas for Compounds, 7.1: Grade School Volcanoes, Automobiles, and Laundry Detergents, 7.4: How to Write Balanced Chemical Equations, 7.5: Aqueous Solutions and Solubility: Compounds Dissolved in Water, 7.6: Precipitation Reactions: Reactions in Aqueous Solution That Form a Solid, 7.7: Writing Chemical Equations for Reactions in Solution: Molecular, Complete Ionic, and Net Ionic Equations, 7.8: AcidBase and Gas Evolution Reactions, Chapter 8: Quantities in Chemical Reactions, 8.1: Climate Change: Too Much Carbon Dioxide, 8.3: Making Molecules: Mole-to-Mole Conversions, 8.4: Making Molecules: Mass-to-Mass Conversions, 8.5: Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield, 8.6: Limiting Reactant, Theoretical Yield, and Percent Yield from Initial Masses of Reactants, 8.7: Enthalpy: A Measure of the Heat Evolved or Absorbed in a Reaction, Chapter 9: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table, 9.1: Blimps, Balloons, and Models of the Atom, 9.5: The Quantum-Mechanical Model: Atoms with Orbitals, 9.6: Quantum-Mechanical Orbitals and Electron Configurations, 9.7: Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table, 9.8: The Explanatory Power of the Quantum-Mechanical Model, 9.9: Periodic Trends: Atomic Size, Ionization Energy, and Metallic Character, 10.2: Representing Valence Electrons with Dots, 10.3: Lewis Structures of Ionic Compounds: Electrons Transferred, 10.4: Covalent Lewis Structures: Electrons Shared, 10.5: Writing Lewis Structures for Covalent Compounds, 10.6: Resonance: Equivalent Lewis Structures for the Same Molecule, 10.8: Electronegativity and Polarity: Why Oil and Water Dont Mix, 11.2: Kinetic Molecular Theory: A Model for Gases, 11.3: Pressure: The Result of Constant Molecular Collisions, 11.5: Charless Law: Volume and Temperature, 11.6: Gay-Lussac's Law: Temperature and Pressure, 11.7: The Combined Gas Law: Pressure, Volume, and Temperature, 11.9: The Ideal Gas Law: Pressure, Volume, Temperature, and Moles, 11.10: Mixtures of Gases: Why Deep-Sea Divers Breathe a Mixture of Helium and Oxygen, Chapter 12: Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces, 12.3: Intermolecular Forces in Action: Surface Tension and Viscosity, 12.6: Types of Intermolecular Forces: Dispersion, DipoleDipole, Hydrogen Bonding, and Ion-Dipole, 12.7: Types of Crystalline Solids: Molecular, Ionic, and Atomic, 13.3: Solutions of Solids Dissolved in Water: How to Make Rock Candy, 13.4: Solutions of Gases in Water: How Soda Pop Gets Its Fizz, 13.5: Solution Concentration: Mass Percent, 13.9: Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation: Making Water Freeze Colder and Boil Hotter, 13.10: Osmosis: Why Drinking Salt Water Causes Dehydration, 14.1: Sour Patch Kids and International Spy Movies, 14.4: Molecular Definitions of Acids and Bases, 14.6: AcidBase Titration: A Way to Quantify the Amount of Acid or Base in a Solution, 14.9: The pH and pOH Scales: Ways to Express Acidity and Basicity, 14.10: Buffers: Solutions That Resist pH Change, status page at https://status.libretexts.org.