list of guards at nuremberg trials

They even accused guards of watching them undress. Joachim von Ribbentrop, Nazi Germanys foreign minister beginning in 1938, was amiable, Prestianni said. He died 21 months later on August 15, 1956. In the Hostages case, several generals were tried for executing thousands of hostages and prisoners of war, looting, using forced labor, and deporting civilians in the Balkans. He was found innocent and released but sentenced in 1949 by a German court to nine years in prison. [185] Twelve military trials were convened solely by the United States in the same courtroom that had hosted the International Military Tribunal. The night Gring pulled that off on October 16, 1946, now that was quite a night, he recalled. The Nuremberg Trials were a series of trials that occurred in post-World War II Germany to provide a platform for justice against accused Nazi war criminals. The small letters, tav, shin, and zayin in the list of Haman's ten sons (Esther 9), with the combined numerical value of 707, are seen as a "prophetic" code hinting to the future hanging of the ten Nazis convicted at the Nuremberg trials in the year 5707, which Julius Streicher declared as "Purimfest 1946" before he was hanged. [30] Article 7 prevented the defendants from claiming immunity for their actions under the act of state doctrine,[31] and the plea of acting under superior orders was left for the judges to decide. [89] Because of the loose evidentiary rules, photographs, charts, maps, and films played an important role in making incredible crimes believable. There were limits to how much gore that could be tolerated by some of the courtroom guards, he recalled. Verdicts were handed down on October 1, 1946. There was a constant, steady flow of rules and regulations, many of them meaningless, while others tended to be more punitive, he said. [221] The IMT defendants required Soviet permission for release; Speer was not successful in obtaining early release, and Hess remained in prison until his death in 1987. He served in that capacity for three months, bringing him in daily contact with 16 of the 22 accused war criminals. Considered by some as the most intelligent and talented prisoner, he was the quintessential gentleman. One spoon has a carving of a skeleton key on its handle, the other an engraving of N 19 P. I could never determine the significance of the latter carving. [146][148] Six defendants were charged with the German invasion of Norway, and their lawyers argued that this invasion was undertaken to prevent a British invasion; a cover-up prevented the defense from capitalizing on this argument. Nuremberg Guards | WWII Forums Prestianni said that during his guard duties he tried to adhere to his fathers advice. It was also a way to indirectly charge crimes committed before the beginning of World War II, which the charter placed outside the court's jurisdiction. The Nuremberg prison was a Bastille-like affair. Recently one of our readers in the US contacted us with a photo of a pair of sunglasses that were in a box in his grandfather's garage. Hess was eccentric. [92], The International Military Tribunal began trial on 20 November 1945,[93] after postponement requests from the Soviet prosecution, who wanted more time to prepare its case, were rejected. Gring enjoyed baiting his guards. Final moments of Nazis executed at Nuremberg - the Guardian Female Nazi war criminals - Capital Punishment U.K Nuremberg trials - Wikipedia I need your: American chow was prepared for the guards and other Army personnel. Ribbentrop was held in low esteem by others close to Hitler due to his perceived ineptness in many areas. He still resides in Framingham after retiring from a 33-year career in supervisory positions with the U.S. The British government was still opposed, unable to see the benefit of such a trial and preferring summary execution of Nazi leaders. Those incarcerated at the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg were allowed very limited and sporadic visitation rights with lawyers and family members. [8][9] On 1 November 1943, the Soviet Union, United Kingdom, and United States issued the Moscow Declaration to "give full warning" to the Nazi leadership of the Allies' intent to "pursue them to the uttermost ends of the earthin order that justice may be done". These compelling first-person accounts of the Nuremberg trials were recorded by professional historians who interviewed 11 Americans participants, including prosecutors, journalists, security guards, and even the architect who designed the courtroom. Brush with infamy: Mercer man, 95, oversaw guards at Nuremberg trials [177] In the latter case, the Wehrmacht leadership was not considered an organization within the meaning of the charter;[177][178] but this verdict was later misrepresented as an acquittal of the criminality of the Wehrmacht, forming one of the foundations of the clean Wehrmacht myth. Nrnberg trials, Nrnberg also spelled Nuremberg, series of trials held in Nrnberg, Germany, in 194546, in which former Nazi leaders were indicted and tried as war criminals by the International Military Tribunal. My mother gave the journal to my oldest brother who died in 1998. Despite this precaution, such limited, semiamicable relationships did exist. The Nuremberg Trials - Home | The National WWII Museum | New Orleans [154] The United States controlled the prison where the defendants and some of the witnesses were held, and tried its best to shut the Soviets out of the proceedings. About this Service - Federal Research Division | Services It was always a battle of authority. I do have a photo of my Dad standing behind the German prisoners. He guarded the prisoners in their cells and also stood guard in the court room. If anyone knows how I can verify that he was a guard, please let me know. [33], The negotiators decided that the tribunal's permanent seat would be in Berlin, while the trial would be held at the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg. [134] The second film included footage of the liberation of Majdanek and the liberation of Auschwitz and was considered even more disturbing than the American concentration camp film. After his release from prison in Nuremberg, a Stuttgart court sentenced him to eight years in a work camp. [158][136] In contrast to the opening prosecution statements, all eight closing statements highlighted the Holocaust; and the French and British prosecutors made this the main charge, as opposed to that of aggression. Institutional rivalries hampered the search. [32] The trial was held under modified common law. The seventh series of Ravensbrck trials was held between July 2nd and July 21st, 1948 to hear the cases of Aufseherin accused of maltreatment of prisoners and making selections for the gas chambers. If one inadvertently looked up at her, she arbitrarily ordered the prisoner shot. They wanted to run the whole show. I do remember that Schacht, like most of the others, steadfastly maintained his innocence, never admitting to guilt in any form. [153] Midway through the trial, Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain speech denouncing the Soviet threat delighted the defense. Speer spent much of his time drawing exquisite pencil sketches ranging from landscapes to magnificent buildings to quaint German villages. My father became an MP after the war. 1 Feb 1946. Several were militaristically aloof and looked down upon those they considered to be the mere political element. I tried to judge them myself, not by what others said of them. Prestianni particularly liked Speer, Hitlers architect and the designer of many of Berlins most spectacular buildings and later minister of armament and munitions. . An anti-Semite to the end, and proclaiming that his death was a victory for world Jewry, Streichers final shouted words as he dropped through the trap door to his death were, This is the Purim Festival for 1946. The Nuremberg Trials | American Experience | PBS Martin Bormann was tried and condemned to death in absentia, and Hermann Gring committed suicide before he could be executed. My father, Jack J. He argued that he was being persecuted.. Had been imprisoned since then. we went to Germany with and my younger brother was born there, dad remained un the Army until 1960, when he retired after 32 years service. [175][176], Four organizations were ruled to be criminal: the Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party, the SS, the Gestapo, and the SD, although some lower ranks and subgroups were excluded. list of guards at nuremberg trials Examine some of the collection's most-accessed trial topics. [133], Inspired by the films shown by the American prosecution, the Soviet Union commissioned three films for the trial: The German Fascist Destruction of the Cultural Treasures of the Peoples of the USSR, Atrocities Committed by the German Fascist Invaders in the USSR, and The German Fascist Destruction of Soviet Cities, using footage from Soviet filmmakers as well as shots from German newsreels. Answer (1 of 5): None of the footage I have seen of the trials revealed anyone but American MPs. On November 20, 1945, several months after the end of World War II, a series of military tribunals began in the German city of Nuremberg. my father david c bergeron was a 1st LT with the guards at the war trials. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Three of the defendants were acquitted. On October 15, 1946, guards and prisoners listened to the pounding of the gallows being constructed. Whether the prisoners availed themselves of this privilege was by individual choice. The food, prepared in an American-staffed kitchen, offered identical German menus for each prisoner. Twelve sets of trials, involving over a hundred defendants and several different courts, took place in Nuremberg from 1945 to 1949. [2] German aggression was accompanied by immense brutality in occupied areas and the systematic murder of millions of Jews in the Holocaust. Because of his moral corruption, the other prisoners shunned him. The Nazi Defendants in the Major War Criminal Trial in Nuremberg [6] The Soviet Union wanted to hold a show trial similar to the 1930s Moscow trials, in order to demonstrate the Nazi leaders' guilt and build a case for war reparations to rebuild the Soviet economy, which had been devastated by the war. Between 20 November 1945 and 1 October 1946, the International Military Tribunal (IMT) tried 21 of the most important surviving leaders of Nazi Germany in the political, military, and economic spheres, as well as six German organizations. Ribbentrop, Prestianni related, was a man without humor. He would just lie on his bed staring at the ceiling with expressionless, sunken eyes and fallow, sort of ashen, death-like skin. [188] The Office of Chief Counsel for War Crimes identified 2,500 major war criminals, of whom 177 were tried. [217][218] The last prisoner was released in 1958. At least Im out here and you are in there, said the former guard. Guards occasionally retaliated against unpopular, troublesome prisoners by rapping on the cell doors with their night sticks to disturb the occupants sleep. [207][208] In a 1946 poll, 78 percent of Germans assessed the trial as fair, but four years later that had fallen to 38 percent, with 30 percent considering it unfair. Guards were randomly assigned to prisoners, and the assignments were generally not known by the guards until the duty roster was posted or announced each morning during roll call. He just celebrated his 93 birthday, and is smart and caring as he has always been. Your Moms birthday and maiden name. Read about WWII here. The Nuremberg trials were held by the Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany, for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries, and other crimes, in World War II.. Twelve of the defendants were sentenced to death by hanging. [173] The war crimes and crimes-against-humanity charges held up the best, with only two defendants who were charged being acquitted on those charges. Nazis Executed at Nuremberg | History Today The duty roster for guards was revised daily in an attempt to prevent the development of unauthorized relationships with prisoners. New Patient Forms; [108][109], On 12 December, Shawcross gave the opening speech for the British. [161][162], The International Military Tribunal agreed with the prosecution that aggression was the gravest charge against the accused, stating in its judgement that because war in general is evil, "To initiate a war of aggression, therefore, is not only an international crime; it is the supreme international crime differing only from other war crimes in that it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole. The IMT focused on the crime of aggressionplotting and waging aggressive war, which the verdict declared "the supreme international crime" because "it contains within itself the accumulated evil of the whole". Others subjected inmates to horrific experiments and torture. In mid-1945, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States agreed to convene a joint tribunal in Nuremberg, with the Nuremberg Charter as its legal instrument.

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