But the names live on. Nothing was bought exclusively for the Toledo store anymore, and part of the stores success was that Tiedtkes catered to the needs of Toledo consumers directly. Share your Tiedtke's stories for a project we are working on. Take a self-guided tour of the Historic Old West End of Toledo! Aaron Chesborough House634 Acklin Avenue (1900)Located on one of the small side streets, the green shingles of this house are nicely contrasted by the varying shades of green in the shrubs and trees. [14] In October 1945, he testified before the Committee on Appropriations of the United States Congress about the availability of migrant labor on sugar plantations. It will be for those who want to relive the memories and feel nostalgic, but also, its a place where people new to Tiedtkes history can still enjoy the atmosphere. (1899)The expansive full porch of this house has Doric column supports and the double central door is flanked by fluted Ionic columns. Built for $30,000 for grain merchant Frederick Paddock, it became the second largest home in the Old West End.George Storer Jr. House2243 Robinwood Avenue (1892)Though originally built in the late 1800s for $9000 as a Queen Anne style, this house was extensively remodeled in 1920 by prominent architect David L. Stine for George Storer Jr. and his wife Mabel. Report a Problem | I am looking for a store front picture. And they were. Copyright 2023 Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), all rights reserved. A Montgomery Ward store would later occupy that space, while the downtown flagship store sat vacant and fell into disrepair. This was combined with the impressive rough-cut American fieldstone on the porch area.John N. Willys House2210 Robinwood Avenue (1901)Vast proportions, medieval detail and the Tillinghast coat-of-arms with a motto carved in stone, combined with a half-timbered Tudor style, a French mansard roof and French Gothic dormers make this house one of the most pretentious of the Old West End mansions. The fire was big, and the crowd was unruly, according to The Blade. Third floor units include diamond shaped leaded glass windows with cathedral ceilings. Tiedtkes might have indeed lived on as the anchor of the Franklin Park Mall (can you imagine? endobj
John Waite House2256 Collingwood Blvd. Health & wellness website. Irving B. Hiett House2255 Parkwood Ave. (1887)Moved from 2241 Collingwood, this house exhibits window treatments, a wraparound porch, carved panels and galleries which characterize the varied and decoratively rich Queen Anne style. French doors lead to a large veranda. Albert G. Wright House2320 Scottwood Avenue (1895)Although there are many examples of Queen Anne style, there are few built with rose brick and mortar. Now an owner of Tiedtkes Coffee and the soon-to-be-open Tiedtkes Coffee shop, Klatt originally worked in advertising. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Tiedtke home on Dorr St. More like this Nazareth Hall Toledo Ohio Ohio Usa Altars North West Antique Furniture Hometown Past Towns Nazareth Hall 1928 T Timothy McCready Places To See Places Ive Been Whitehouse West End Old West Great Lakes Colleges Mary Manse College in Toledo, Ohio. Tiedtke's, at 408 Summit Street (at Adams) was a Toledo institution, in business downtown since 1894. Thomas Van Stone House2103 Glenwood Avenue (1892)This Colonial Revival house has matching 2nd story front bay windows and unique multi-columned front porch with a rounded end. I remember the kids plastic wheels cars that we drove around until we wore out the wheels. The Tiedtke Old Timers still meet yearly (and here is a longer 2006 reunion story). Toledo Stories | Lets All Go Down to Tiedtkes/Trianon, Paramount & Kin The Reopening Toledo's Old West End: Campus Neighborhood Stroll Toledo, Ohio audio I worked at Tiedtkes in Greenwood mall and when it closed, I remember some of the people who had worked there for years and lost all of their pensions! [5], The Tiedtkes expanded the business further and by 1910, they had moved the business up Summit Street to the northeast corner of Adams, which it would occupy for the next six decades. Quick View. His parents were Ernest Tiedtke (18721950) and Anna Marie "Mamie" Meyer Tiedtke (18781981), of Toledo, Ohio. The second story lancet window is flanked by bays with carved verges, dental work, large support brackets and diamond panes. One of the most well-known memories of Tiedtkes is when the brothers created their own coffee blend, set up a ventilation system and blew the delicious smell of the brew through the store to lure customers in. This was one of the first megastore groceries. There was a loss involved, since much of the salvageable material was destroyed in the fire (including bricks, which crack when they get hot). It will be for those who want to relive the memories and feel nostalgic, but also, its a place where people new to Tiedtkes history can still enjoy the atmosphere. [1][8], On the evening of May 7, 1975, Toledo firefighters were called to the Tiedtke's building on a report of a fire breaking out in the structure. Scottwood AvenueClarence Brown House2007 Scottwood Avenue (1883/1903)This circa 1903 Tudor style mansion was designed by Norval Bacon and built at a cost of $4,200 replacing the fire-damaged original. Not now. The Blade also had some fun with the fire: A Holland man said the charred remnant of an inventory card from the fire dropped into his yard. Arthur Sieben House2109 Scottwood Avenue (1902)This Queen Anne style house also has touches and details common to the French Chateau style. Bright acidity, creamy, Losing one's life while tending to a great Lakes lighthouse, Tiedtke's, All Rights Reserved. Before there were franchises of chain stores or superstores in every town, Toledo had a department store that was the center of the community. Victorian ornamentation showcased with sunbursts, scroll tile, various window treatments and a dragon on the southern pitch of the roof. The brothers were known for the gratitude they showed their employees and were often very generous. Johanna,John & Peter Murray House2105 Robinwood Avenue (1900)The shingle exterior of this house, the trim and detail, the frequent use of large rounded bays and the decorative third floor dormers were English in origin. The History - Tiedtkes Tiedtke's Original Coffee 1 case (6 bags . [10], Tiedtke's parents founded the Toledo, Ohio, grocery and department store Tiedtke's which they sold in 1925 at the height of its popularity and retired to Florida in the winters. We can remove the first show in the list to add this one. Note especially the Queen Anne style of the front and side views and the turret. Notable people with the surname include: Jakob Tiedtke (1875-1960), German actor. Police attempted to clear the parking lot behind Tiedtkes of spectators, many of whom stood staring at the blaze, seemingly oblivious to police commands. Log In. Tiedtke's - Wikipedia Most beloved was Tiedtke's, founded in 1893 by brothers Charles and Ernest Tiedtke. A huge crowd gathered in the former Water Street parking lot to watch the blaze, and several times they tried to break through the cordon of police and firemen.[9]. Your email address will not be published. Frederick Paddock House2233 Robinwood Avenue (1892)The lavish use of sandstone, brick and cut shingles on this 9,500 square foot house is unusual. That was my last encounter with BB. Frank Lloyd Wright studied this area in his planning of his Oak Park Project in Illinois. The Andersons was proud to help revive memories for customers. Herman Dick House2040 Scottwood Avenue (1892)This massive 9733 sq. [30][31][32][33][34][35], In 2019, in honor of the fifteenth anniversary of his passing, a memorial concert was dedicated to him at the Bach Festival Society, along with other memorial events in Winter Park.[17]. [1][3] Overhead trolleys in the store would move customer's change, product and receipts. Pillars and spindles in the balustrade resemble furniture legs. When I saw a sign for Buckeye Beer at the bar at Kaufmans, it was tempting to try. Time was, every city had something special about it. Giant cheese wheel keeps old Tiedtke's tradition rolling Founded by brothers Charles and Ernest, Tiedtke's was a hub for downtown life. Tiedtkes, at 408 Summit Street (at Adams) was a Toledo institution, in business downtown since 1894. It had been family owned for many years but eventually was sold to a chain based out of Detroit, Federals, Inc., in 1961. For generations of people in Northwest Ohio, Downtown Toledo was a hot spot, offering plenty of big city entertainment and shopping. Theres more info in our. For generations of people in Northwest Ohio, Downtown Toledo was a hot spot, offering plenty of big . Julian H. & Lillie Tyler House2251 Robinwood Avenue (1897)This is a reproduction of a Roxbury, Mass. Recorded in 1995 from WVIZ-TV, Cleveland, OH ("presented by WBGU-TV" Bowling Green) This edit of "Cedar Point Memories" looks at the early history of Cedar . ft. brick home was built in the Eclectic style with Dutch influence in the gables and Ionic fluted columns on the porch and second floor. Tiedtke's Parkwood Bold Whole Bean Coffee roasted in Toledo, Ohio Add to cart. Quoting the story, there were other factors: Mr. Kobacker believed that Tiedtkes, perhaps more than any other major department store, had the ingredients to survive downtown. [23][25][12] He was instrumental in funding a unique film festival. [12] He was director of the Palm Beach County Agricultural Advisory Committee. The building was destroyed in a spectacular fire in 1975. Death by murder, suicide or other tragic causes was more unusual. [1], In 1961, the Kobackers sold Tiedtke's to the Detroit-based department chain Federal's. The stone porch has scrolled wood arches and carved exterior applique. See more of Tiedtke's, a Toledo Treasure on Facebook . [1] It is the music department's "flagship venue and features two Steinway D Concert grand pianos. "[28], Tiedtke established the John M. Tiedtke Endowed Chair of Music funded in part by an anonymous $250,000 donation from Fred Rogers, who was TV's Mister Rogers and alumni of Rollins. A Walk Down Memory Lane The brick porch has ceramic tile inserts. "[2], By the early 1970s, Tiedtke's closed its downtown annex store, and Federal's had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the summer of 1972. Tiedtke's Half Caffeinated Whole Bean Coffee roasted in Toledo, Ohio Add to cart. By 1910, Tiedtke's was arguably the most popular department store in the region, if not the country. Tiedtkes Department Store, 1950, courtesy of the Toledo-Lucas County Public Library, obtained from http:///images2.toledolibrary.org/. It is never a happy occasion when two venerable commercial establishments that have been such a part of the local scene since the last century are forced by circumstances to close down. Dan Kelly. Unlike the other three, which were more upscale, Tiedtke's was just as elegant, but catering more to the common man, selling top-quality goods at reasonable prices. When I talk to my Mom and my Aunt they just light up there face and tell me the stories, and the coffee and the cheese, food..so cool. Today, the site is occupied by the Imagination Station science museum, a hotel and Promenade Park, a huge riverfront space. The roof line has an original flair and the straight linear line of the wrap-around porch is offset just enough to draw the eye to the eyebrow dormer on the third floor. If you look at pictures of Toledo in the 40s and 50s, downtown used to be really booming, Klatt said. It wasnt Macys in every downtown and Budweiser in every tavern. (1926-27)Designed by Harry Wachter, the exterior of this house is an eclectic assemblage of styles. [1], In 1925, the brothers sold the business to the Kobacker family, which owned the Boston Stores chain in Columbus, Ohio and Buffalo, New York. Most beloved was Tiedtkes, founded in 1893 by brothers Charles and Ernest Tiedtke. Originally focused on delivering groceries, the store added dry goods to its inventory as the market for such items developed. Years ago, he was reading through Toledo history for his clients advertisement when he became engrossed in the information he was finding. Frank C. Hoehler House2256 Robinwood Avenue (1920)The well balanced symmetry of this Italian Renaissance style house is emphasized by the arched sandstone entry, flanked by pavilion windows, well spaced second story windows and a centered dormer window. And then, on the evening of Wednesday, May 6, 1975, there was the fire. Dean V.R. Toledos location was pivotal to the development of its commercial sector. Today, Toledos location at the nexus of interstate highways facilitates warehousing, shipping, and selling of consumer goods. CHARLES A. TIEDTKE HOUSE 2460 Parkwood Avenue (1915) The Four-Square, Arts and Crafts outside construction on this house is contrasted to its classical interior featuring brown cherry wood. All Rights Reserved. The store front windows were white washed, and covered with advertisements, like a carnival side show. March 24, 2022. 2116 Parkwood Ave. (1926-27) One of the most palatial homes in the Old West End, this house is a very ornamental Classic Revival mansion. John Tiedtke (1907-2004), American farmer, professor, businessman, and philanthropist. It was a big advertiser in The Blade (which they were undoubtedly sorry to lose) and there wasnt anyplace like it in town. If you note that Miller bought the trade name Lite above and put two and two together, youve already figured out that Miller Lite was the beer that sprung from that trade name (at least according to Wikipedia). In 1973, Florida Governor Reubin Askew gave him one of the "Governor's Awards for the Arts". Square brick pillars with sandstone coping support the porch roof. The turrets on the sides of the house and finials around the windows give it that element found in the chalets of France. Designed by Harry Wachter in 1910 as his own residence, this house exhibits a large central brick chimney with stone accents, deep recesses supported by Doric columns, and a steep mansard roof. Inhale, once . By creating an account, you acknowledge that PBS may share your information with our member stations and our respective service providers, and that you have read and understand the Privacy Policy and Terms of Use. We invite you to experience our rich and glorious history and architecture. Website development by Web Publisher PRO, Bill Klatt never anticipated that his love of coffee and Toledo history would lead him to bring beloved city trademark. Related Pages. Moses G. Bloch House2272 Scottwood Avenue (1909)One is reminded of the open plains of the Midwest when viewing this house. His father, Ernest Tiedtke owned a grocery store. Harry Wachter House2020 Parkwood Ave. (1910)Formerly located at 650 Lincoln Street behind the museum, this house is an excellent example of English Cottage Craftsman style. Website. <>
She have had fond memories of going to that store as a small girl herself, telling me of the time she was caught shoplifting something from them, and after being so upset over what she did, she wrote a thank-you letter to the store thanking them for having caught her. Bright acidity, creamy $29.99 Add to Wishlist Compare Quick View Klatt hopes Tiedtkes will be a local hub where people of all ages can enjoy coffee, share memories and enjoy their time. In 1948, he was married to Sylvia Southard, daughter of Prince and Princess Alfred Hohenlohe Schloss Friedstein of Streinach, Austria, and James Wendell Southard. An epic 10-year struggle followed, according to the history, a struggle that ended in 1916 with Buckeye unshaken.. William W. Bolles, Jr.House2428 Scottwood Avenue (1910)Characteristics of this Dutch Colonial Revival style house are the pavilion windows on the side, dormers with pilasters, large pilasters around the house, gambrel roof and the Dutch door. Now it's your turn to go on down to Tiedtke's. Head on over and celebrate Toledo's history and heritage at the coffee shop that's proudly keeping the past alive and ensuring that its spirit. According to the May 8 edition of the Toledo Blade, the blaze grew to a three-alarmer within an hour. Bowed windows on the exterior are repeated in the unusual elliptical dining room. Built in 1915, this home features a Four-Square, Arts and Crafts style contra. Products Archive - Tiedtkes But it was what he did with that wealth that has had so much impact. The Lasting Wonder of Toledo's 20th Century Department Stores Charles Tiedtke's Premium Columbian Blend (2 Bags) If you live within 30 miles of Toledo use Add to Wishlist Compare $29.99 Quick View Add to Wishlist Compare Quick View Costa Rican Coffee (2 Bags) Cupping notes: Milk chocolate, citrus, caramel, green apple. Tour of Downtown Toledo Toledo Lucas County Public Library - Omeka History Museum. Features include three window dormers, window trimmed with double Ionic columns, Gothic tracery in the upper casements and dentillated dormers and cornices. "Tiedtke's Holds a Special Place in Toledo History", "Long Faces Of Employees, Customers Reflect News of Tiedtke's Closing", "The Double Blow: Tiedtke's and Buckeye Beer Close", "Downtown Blaze Destroys Tiedtke's Building", "Toledo-Lucas County Public Library Images of Tiedtke's", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tiedtke%27s&oldid=1131129975, Defunct department stores based in Toledo, Ohio, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Grocery, clothing, toys, furniture, general merchandise, This page was last edited on 2 January 2023, at 18:15. Save my name, email, and site URL in my browser for next time I post a comment. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 16 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
Everythings gone from downtown now., There will still be Buckeye beer around produced by another firm to moisten dry throats and revive memories of the ancient brewery at Michigan and Bush streets, The Blades editorial finished. Over the entrance is a large gambrel dormer which isflanked by dormers with Roman arched windows. [6] The brothers helped take marketing and sales to a new level by creating elaborate displays for fruits, and vegetables, and they created their own coffee blend, Parkwood Coffee. Big and quirky events were part of its modus operandi. The site was demolished and sat empty until an indoor mall, the Portside Festival Marketplace, opened on the site in 1984. George H. Nort House630 Virginia Street (1875)The original farmhouse on this land, as well as the first house on the Virginia St. addition, makes this home precious to the neighborhood. It features an octagonal tower, large attic gables, turned and carved ornamental woodwork and stained glass windows.Frank D. Stranahan House2104 Parkwood Ave. (1892, altered in 1918)Originally built for $14,000, this house once had a large, full-width front porch. City Hall. To create the nostalgic brew, Klatt had to do a lot of digging. Tiedtkes in old downtown Toledo | Toledo, Holy toledo, Toledo ohio When Duane Abbajay took over his brothers bankrupt nightclub in. Irving B. Hiett House 2255 Parkwood Ave. (1887) When the Kobacker family acquired the store in 1925, they wisely retained the distinctive character of the store the flourishing grocery, produce, cheese, fish and meat departments; the bakery with its deserved reputation for fresh-baked, quality products; the coffee-grinding nook, the tobacco shop, and a dozen other activities that, through noise, color, aromas and bustle turned the first floor into a veritable shoppers circus. Charles H. Whitaker House2546 Glenwood Avenue (1915)This Shingle style with Georgian influence was designed by Landgon and Hohly. Even though the downtown Tiedtkes has been closed since 1972, its a store a lot of people remember. A small article, heavy on pictures, about the downtown Tiedtkes is long overdue. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. Charles A. Tiedtke House | 2460 Parkwood Ave. Toledo, Ohio audio Although originally built as a twinplex, the exterior is asymmetric, having a northern tower with conical cap and battlement windows. Basket arches surround the front windows and door. With their core business food, they leased the upper floors of the building to firms selling furniture, housewares, clothing and shoes. That day, Klatt heard so many stories about the past and several people even approached the sampling singing the old Tiedtkes theme song. [6], The store would eventually cover the entire block, bounded by Summit, Adams and Water Streets. I want all generations to come in and enjoy themselves, Klatt said. First crews on the scene said they could find no fire, but, according to Fire Chief Eulan Tucker, then in a matter of minutes they had a real fire on their hands.. Fred E. McCaskeyHouse2717 Collingwood Blvd. As a completely random aside, May 7, 1975 stands out for another reason in Toledo history. There's no way to know if Tiedtke's would have survived. I was hooked, he said. Tiedtke home on Dorr St. | Abandoned ohio, Toledo ohio, Toledo - Pinterest Jay C. Lockwood House2461 Robinwood Avenue (1910)This Spanish Colonial Revival style house shares many elements of Mission Revival and Pueblo styles of the southwest. Wolcott House. The mall was unable to sustain itself at that location and it closed in 1990. Albert E. Overmyer House2061 Robinwood Avenue (1903)This house is a mixture of Classical Revival and Colonial Revival styles. Cupping notes:Milk chocolate, citrus, caramel, green apple. Im not sure how many people remember the original Buckeye Beer, however. For years coffee-lovers begged Klatt to open a brick-and-mortar store, and this October, hes doing just that. The closest thing to Tiedtkes Toledo had, The Andersons, closed its stores in June of 2017. A police crew reported an ember about a foot square landed at Hill Avenue and Parkside Blvd. Today, only The Andersons remains as a locally owned general merchandise store. The company was founded by Harold Anderson in 1937, and began with the construction of a single grain elevator in Maumee. Presently, The Andersons, Inc. owns facilities in Ohio as well as several other states and Puerto Rico. You've just tried to add this show to My List. Fred R. Gibson House2611 Robinwood Avenue (1910)The Italian style of this house is most apparent on the south side which has an unusual flat tile roof, stucco extension walls and arched windows on the second floor. Any clues to the fires origin, however, were lost in the ferocity of the fire. It brought back so many memories for people, Klatt said. [1][7] By then, though, it was too late. John M. Tiedtke - Rollins College Tiedtke's was within walking distance to at least three other major Toledo department stores, Lasalle & Koch, Lamson Brothers and the Lion Store. He and his wife Lenore were well known for their philanthropy. Built in 1915, this home features a Four-Square, Arts and Crafts style contrasted by a classical interior design featuring brown cherry wood. Explore the history of Calvary Cemetery Toledo, Ohio. The story noted that some of the employees had worked at the brewery since repeal, and while there was some confusion about the act, the handwriting had been on the wall for some time, according to an employee. Add to Wishlist . But first, we need you to sign in to PBS using one of the services below. James Herriots adventures as a veterinarian in 1930s Yorkshire get a new TV adaptation. Tiedtkes was a well-loved grocery and department store that was open from 1894 to 1973 on Summit Street and Adams downtown. Tiedtke is a surname. (The story is here, but you have to go to page B6 yourself, sorry.). They bought out the leased businesses in the Summit Street building so that everything in the six-story building was sold by Tiedtke's, making the business a full-service department store and keeping groceries the center of the business plan. (1901)Designed by George S. Mills, this house is an original interpretation of Renaissance Revival design and decoration. 1 0 obj
Management closed the main Summit Street store for good on September 2, 1972, with just three days notice to employees. Tiedtke's, a Toledo Treasure - Facebook I really wanted to do something about it.. CHARLES A. TIEDTKE HOUSE, 2460 Parkwood Avenue (1915) The Four-Square, Arts and Crafts outside construction on this house is contrasted to 400 TRAVEL: TOLEDO, OHIO ideas in 2022 | toledo, ohio, toledo ohio TRAVEL: TOLEDO, OHIO 405 Pins 37w M Collection by Maggie Smiley Similar ideas popular now Toledo Ohio Travel Fleming Island 80s Stuff Toledo Ohio Skate Park Old Buildings Altars Old Pictures Supermarket Sterling Food Store #convenient #store #ConvenientStore C Chris Sobieniak [7], He individually funded the 400-seat John M. Tiedtke Concert Hall at Rollins. But by the time Tiedtkes downtown closed, we didnt do much shopping downtown anymore: there was Westgate and there was the new Franklin Park Mall. Many Toledoans have fond memories of shopping at the citys downtown department stores. Meanwhile, a reporter went over to the nearby Gayety Burlesque Theater at 322 Summit to see how stripper Harlin Blaze was doing. Copy a link to this video to your clipboard, Toledo Stories is a local public television program presented by, Fight the Power: How Hip Hop Changed the World, The David Rubenstein Show: Peer to Peer Conversations. 4444 Keystone, Unit B
But I can certainly link to the best one. house, which includes coupled columns, a second story balcony and an elliptical fan-light over the door. Preview mode limited to first 3 locations. These are the darkest of lighthouse tales.. Join the Community to be Updated Firstly ? Located about five miles northwest of Downtown Toledo, DeVeaux is only three miles from the University of Toledo and two miles from Ottawa Park, a popular park known for its ice skating . He is noted for championing and supporting various fine arts programs in Central Florida including the Bach Festival Society of Winter Park[17][A][1][22][23][24] and the Enzian Theater. I have a photo from 1954 Buckeye brewery cans. My brother got Christmas season jobs at Tiedkes. [26] He devoted 20 years to being on the Board of Directors of Rollins College. In addition, the Kobackers carried on and improved the special merchandising tactics the giant cheese wheels, the annual buffalo meat sales, the performances by jugglers, the ubiquitous organ melodies and the like that added so much to the enjoyment and satisfaction of shopping at Tiedtkes. Its a shame that this excitement has been lost over the years. Looking for articles / photos of former Johnsons Fine Furniture / Maple & Cherry Shop at DeVeaux Village on Sylvania Avenue . Lost Toledo Toledo Lucas County Public Library The colossal Corinthian pilasters and veranda with the bowed porch element reflect late Italian Renaissance architecture. [4][5] He was 7 years old when parents started spending time in Winter Park, Florida, in 1914. Toledo Stories - Trianon, Paramount, KinWaLow & Tiedtke's | The Ohio Self-guided Tours Women of The Old West End When the Goaldiggers won the cup in 1975, there was a joke for years after that if they made the playoffs, we always asked what would we burn down next if they won the cup? That day in 1975 was when it burned down. Tiedtke - Wikipedia Two matching gables are predominate to the exterior. After the success in Andersons, Tiedtkes Coffee became available in many grocery stores around Toledo, including Churchills in Maumee and Perrysburg, Sautters in Waterville and Sylvania, Stanleys, Kazmeiers and Foodtown in Temperance.
Illinois Masonic Radiology Department, Articles T
Illinois Masonic Radiology Department, Articles T